Boiler capacity in current temperatures

More a philosophical question.

We have replaced relatively new boiler when we bought our old victorian.
Before that we replaced windows, doubled doors and did insulate all that needed insulation.
Old boiler was 84% efficiency and just not right size for the house.

The formula that was used to define the right size of the house as I remember took into account cubic footage insulation level and other house characteristics.

And the boiler performed really well.
Till this current cold spell.
Why?
Because the calculation of the size of the boiler and btu also factors temperature zone. And currently we are transplanted to other zone, Canada or Siberia, whatever you choose.

Installing too large of a boiler is not good, any plumber will tell you this. Boiler heat the space on and off and efficiency is going down.

So, I figured out, that many homeowners now have this situation, right?

What would be our options?
If everybody is using space heaters, it could overload our grid, right?
And all of us will be in even a worth situation, because most of the boilers are modern and need electricity to run, even if it is gas boiler or oil.

As of now we are considering to upgrade our working fireplaces, wood burning, to wood burning efficient ( around 80%, not bad at all if you are not using it all the time) wood stoves similar to Bari. I was told that if you fireplace is functional and grandfathered, you can do this ( chimneys are relined and inspected regularly).

Our tenants in our Brooklyn brownstone can use their cooling splits to hike heat up. They use splits during the summer, but those splits have heating option.

But I was thinking about…hm… battering the gas boiler.
Is it common or it is just my crazy idea?
Instead of one gas heater with just right btu for the house and normal nyc winters have also a “stand by” smaller heater in the same system on the same pipes. And it turns on only when it is needed.

Crazy? Or I just reinvented a wheel?

opoddubnaya.bootsoft

in Heating and Cooling 1 month ago

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opoddubnaya.bootsoft | 1 month ago

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Thank you, master-plumber.
It is not always possible to make an envelope, especially in historical wood frame, large size and a lot of exposure.

Attic, windows and around window frames – yes.

Walls? Plaster, lath, some bricks, some shingles.

The minimum I would blow insulation in one large wall where the stair is, but… there is an opinion that house will rot in our humid summer if it is too much insulation inside the wall. considering that 200 years ago the wood used was not treated.

what do you think about an additional fail over boiler?
Did you see this kind of installation?
Right now, when temp outside is a bit higher – we are very comfortable: 70 on the second floor, 67 on the first.

But I want to be as comfortable when and if temp go into single digits outside. that is where I see an additional boiler kicks in.

Considering that house is reasonably well insulated.

master-plumber | 1 month ago

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In the world of Heating and Cooling, there is an outdoor temperature that gets thrown into the mix of both longhand calculations and computer models that establish the BTU outputs of all our equipment. It’s called a “design temperature” and it varies as we follow typical climate changes going north and south, and up and down in elevation. In our part of the world in 2026, the design temperature is 13°F.
That means that peak efficiency heating systems are designed to maintain an indoor temperature of 70°F when the outdoor temperature is 13°F.
Peak efficiency can be defined in many ways by the different industries that use the term but in fuel-burning boilerspeak, peak efficiency means the boiler runs at 100% of its output, and never shuts off while hovering around that outdoor temperature and combustion is steady with minimal standby or flue losses at the boiler.
So, what happens when the outdoor temperature drops below design temperature? Well for us professionals, the first thing that happens is all our online forums and message boards start blowing up with warnings about trouble coming, and stories of current projects considering supplemental heat sources in their designs.
But the bottom line is design temperature is often an average of the ten coldest days of the year and it is well known and expected that there will be be a handful of days colder than the median or average cold day. And it is expected that the internal ambient temperature of some of those structures operating on design may drop below 70°. Does that sound like a failure? Maybe. But what you have to consider is that aside from the heating system, there are plenty of other things in the home or building that give off heat to the space. Cooking a pot of stew sometimes warms a space for hours. Lights, TVs, computers, cable boxes, solar gain, hair dryers… all these things being in place or running add BTUs to the home and take some of the onus off the boiler or furnace. So, this high-design-temperature-vs-low-outdoor-temperature thing is rarely ever an actual problem. To design a home heating system with significantly higher heating capacity will often change the design, increasing installation costs substantially and operating costs permanently.
If you feel you are getting close a to problem caused by low outdoor temperatures and your system’s design, you would be well advised to do what you can to close that gap. Literally. A tight building envelope will outperform even the most highly efficient of boilers and furnaces. You only heat your home with BTUS you keep inside the walls. The rest are gone instantly and forever.

A lot of words for a Sunday morning but I hope this helps.

I’m not sure what I’m signed in as until I post this but I’m:
Master Plvmber
John Cataneo
Mechanical Consultant and Plumbing and Heating contractor, NYC Lic #1784

cate | 1 month ago

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Maybe check with your heating company to be sure the internal water temperature for heating is set at the maximum advisable temperature. If it’s too low, especially in this weather, the radiators will never get fully hot, and the house will never be warm.

A few months ago, the heating company had just serviced the boiler, and we thought everything was set correctly based on what they told us, but the heat wasn’t working right, and it turned out our water temperature setting was too low. They fixed it, and it’s been good ever since.

BobMarvin | 1 month ago

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In contrast my 60 year old forced hot air furnace has no problem maintaining 70 degrees during the day and 60 at night. It just takes a little longer to get the house up to 70 in the morning when it’s so cold. FWIW my gas bills are lower than most of my neighbors.

opoddubnaya.bootsoft | 1 month ago

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cast iron and baseboard older style.
Mixed.
Honestly, I do not know how people survived in this 200 yo house.
Before we bought it it had old single glass windows in a bad shape, drafts all over and “new” undersized about 20% boiler.

cate | 1 month ago

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Do you have baseboard heating units, cast iron radiators, or something else? The cast iron radiators do an amazing job of getting hot and giving off heat even after the boiler is off. The temperature of the water inside is the same regardless of the weather. The radiators have to be sized and positioned correctly for the size of the house. Our boiler is designed to heat our domestic hot water supply as well as the radiators. We don’t have separate hot water heaters.

opoddubnaya.bootsoft | 1 month ago

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Cate,
That makes me think that older boilers were installed with an overkill based on current formulas, and we all are paying more for the heat with it.
Because actually our tenants do not complain now about heat, thanks god. They all are very good tenants, but they all have small kids, so, they will not be shy to let us know if they are cold.

But eventually we are planning to replace our old boiler. It was there when we bought house 20+ years ago, and some time in the future the moment will come.

If we do this calculation for the right btu, get an efficient 90%+ boiler, I am afraid we will fall into the same trap during similar cold spells

opoddubnaya.bootsoft | 1 month ago

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sorry for typos. site do not give you an option to edit original message.
Please read ” the right size for the house” instead of “of the house”

cate | 1 month ago

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I don’t know the answer to your question. But I can say this: We have an old fashioned hot water radiator system (oil is the fuel) and it is sufficient even in this cold. It just comes on more often. In fact it’s almost always on in these low temperatures. We’re burning lots of oil and getting deliveries every two weeks.

That said, we have an unusual situation this winter. We are in a row house, and the house next door is completely empty and not heated, and apparently there are lots of gaps where the cold air comes through, plus naturally that wall is not insulated. So most of the rooms on that party wall, such as the stair hall, are extremely cold. Nothing we can do about that. Just have to wait for warmer days.