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March 31, 2009
Walkabout with Montrose: Terra Cotta Delights
Longtime Brownstoner community member and local architecture buff Montrose Morris (well, that's her online name anyway) starts her regular column this week in praise of terra cotta.
One of my favorite features of New York's 19th and early 20th century architecture is the use of terra cotta and carved stone ornament. In Brooklyn, this ornament is everywhere. Terra cotta can be natural brick, limestone white, or glazed in brilliant colors. Most of the terra cotta found in NYC was manufactured in Long Island City, Staten Island and New Jersey. Excellent public examples are BAM, the Montauk Club, and the Masonic Temple in Clinton Hill.
On our rowhouses, this fanciful ornament is seen in the corbels of a classic Italianate brownstone, and the ornate exuberance of the Queen Anne, Neo Gothic and Renaissance Revival styles. Portraits, animals, florals and Celtic knots abound. Some are terra cotta, many in carved stone, all are made by anonymous carvers of great skill. After the Art Deco period, design sensibilities turned to stark Modernism. Many row houses lost their ornate facades, and many public buildings were torn down, their grotesques and foliate panels saved only by salvage companies and preservationists. Fortunately, we’ve now come full circle, and these works of art are again appreciated for their beauty, and those buildings that feature them are being preserved for future generations. Explore your neighborhood, this art is all around you.
If you enjoy the examples above, please check out more examples in my Flickr set. All photos were taken in Crown Heights and Bed Stuy.
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Comments
Beautiful stuff :)
Posted by: InsertSnappyNameHere at March 31, 2009 11:02 AM
These pics from your thread and flickr are going to be great to look at on every single discussion, i'm sure.
Posted by: daveinbedstuy at March 31, 2009 11:03 AM
Gorgeous! Thanks MM!
Posted by: cobblehiller at March 31, 2009 11:07 AM
I never knew terra cotta came in so many colors and forms. I was used to seeing it as the general orangey colored tiles in kitchens and baths. (Is that a different terra cotta?)
Posted by: InsertSnappyNameHere at March 31, 2009 11:09 AM
Montrose, I was away last week and didn't have a chance to congratulate you on the new thread. This is terrific.
Wonderful topic and pictures. I was walking around the city with family all weekend and as I was pointing out various landmarks, I was struck by the incredible number of older buildings, both commercial and residential with ornate terra cotta (and non-terra cotta) detail. This might not be as impressive to those who grew up in older cities around the world, but for those of us who grew up in newer cities, it is particularly breath taking.
Posted by: Biff Champion at March 31, 2009 11:10 AM
Yay MM! I love it. Great photos too. We should team up writer/photographer style. Would happily donate my services in the interest of creating a super special piece for Brownstoner.
Posted by: wasder at March 31, 2009 11:11 AM
LOve this. great job, MM
Posted by: cggirl at March 31, 2009 11:12 AM
Montrose,
Bravo!
These are fantastic. I've always loved these details especially the faces (both animal and human).
What a great start!
Posted by: TownhouseLady at March 31, 2009 11:12 AM
I love the details, I just wish that they were a little cheaper to maintain.
Posted by: bedstuy11216 at March 31, 2009 11:13 AM
These are great shots Montrose Morris. I am going to link these images to my own blog: http://savebedfordstuyvesant.blogspot.com/
we need to preserve all of this this great detail.
Posted by: Amzi Hill at March 31, 2009 11:14 AM
Great post MM, but it's funny that your first column is shorter than many of your thread comments.
Posted by: Troy McClure at March 31, 2009 11:14 AM
I'm breaking my strike just for this one post to say thanks to MM for this.
Posted by: dittoburg at March 31, 2009 11:16 AM
ditto--are you on the benson-inspired strike because of the commenting on commenting thread?
Posted by: wasder at March 31, 2009 11:18 AM
Lovely! Wonderful. Thank you!
There is one block of rowhouses in Bushwick that stands out for its unusual terra cotta decoration. The motifs might be a combo of Chinese-Moroccan-Craftsman. You can see the houses if you Google street map 45 Linden St. but the detail is only visible in person. The insides are tiny Victorian apartments. I would love to know who the architect was.
Posted by: mopar at March 31, 2009 11:18 AM
gorgeous!
Posted by: new2hood at March 31, 2009 11:25 AM
we have this detail on the facade of our townhouse, and we really enjoy it. quick question to anyone that knows the answer, how does one clean centuries of city grime from these limestone carvings? I was tempted to rent a power washer and spray it down, but didn't know if the pressure would destroy the art work.
Any suggestions?
Posted by: bedstuyhoya at March 31, 2009 11:29 AM
MM, you're off and running to a great start. I'm sensing your 'column' is going to be very informative about history and architecture.
This one is great. We all need a reminder that architecture is in the details. In our hectic lives, we tend to hurry past buildings and not notice the beautiful elements. If we only stop to look at the features of a building we will be pleasantly surprised and maybe see an animal head smiling back at us, or notice the intricate patterns of the brick, or the beading around doors and windows.
NYC is a treasure trove for great architecture; Thank you Montrose, for pointing these out.
Posted by: bayridgegirl at March 31, 2009 11:30 AM
terra cotta "baked earth".
one of the earliest uses of architectural terra cotta in the US (it has been used in Europe for thousands of years) is on the Brooklyn Historical Society in brooklyn Heights.
There, the unglazed, red terra cotta takes the form of Indians and vikings.
Posted by: sam at March 31, 2009 11:31 AM
How fantastic. Thank so much.
Posted by: Susan Elkins at March 31, 2009 11:32 AM
wasder - yes - but now I've broken the strike twice
Posted by: dittoburg at March 31, 2009 11:32 AM
Thanks for the well wishes and comments, everyone. Wasder, I'd love to. We'll talk.
There is a wonderful book on the subject: Terra-Cotta Skyline by Susan Tunick. It traces the history of terra cotta ornament in New York City, and has some great info and wonderful photographs by her brother, Peter Mauss. Most of the shots are in Manhattan, but there are some of Brooklyn and the other boroughs, as well.
She is affiliated with the Friends of Terra Cotta, a non-profit dedicated to the preservation of the nation's ornamental treasures in terra cotta and ceramics. Their website is:http://www.preserve.org/fotc/
The site also has a database of articles on terra cotta and ceramics. I saw some great articles I want to read someday. Unfortunately, the articles themselves are not on the site.
I'm constantly amazed at how well this stuff holds up, especially the limestone pieces. I'm not expert enough to be able to tell if some of it is hand carved or cast, I suspect both, but there are buildings in Crown Heights North, especially, like the first cover shot for the piece, that still look new. That building was built in 1899.
Posted by: Montrose Morris at March 31, 2009 11:35 AM
What 'care and feeding' is needed for maintaining terra cotta?
Posted by: cobblehiller at March 31, 2009 11:37 AM
MM,
Congrats on the new thread. Also thanks for squeezing a pic of my crown heights place onto the pics. I'm going to tell the people in the bldg that our bldg just got a little spot light thanks to you.
Posted by: more4less at March 31, 2009 11:38 AM
Troy, it took me longer to edit the piece down than to write it. I had to leave out a lot of information that would have been interesting, but space considerations forced a severe edit. Besides, I can always add more in the comments. In the long run, pictures speak louder than words, and flickr is a great way to not be edited in one's photographs.
Posted by: Montrose Morris at March 31, 2009 11:39 AM
MM, these are beautiful! May I also recommend the boathouse in Prospect Park and the houses on Sterling St and Lefferts Ave, as well as Grace Church and Rogers Ave. small apartment buildings, in the PLG historic district. Unfortunately, Ward's Bakery was also a fine example of use of this material.
Posted by: babs at March 31, 2009 11:40 AM
More4less, I knew you'd catch that one. It's a fantastic building.
Babs, so true, thanks. Ward's Bakery was a big loss. The building the Goldstein's of DDS, at least I think it's where they live, also has a lot of glazed terra cotta trim. We need to look up more often. I just noticed some on Nostrand Avenue that I hadn't seen before the other day, as well as on the theatre, now church, on the corner of Nostrand and Eastern Parkway, which I didn't have photos of.
Posted by: Montrose Morris at March 31, 2009 11:49 AM
http://www.brownstoner.com/brownstoner/archives/2007/11/commercial_sale_1.php
http://www.brownstoner.com/brownstoner/archives/2008/02/tenants_charge.php
For some unknown reason, the Dermot Company painted the beautiful 1890s terra cotta and brick on the apartment buildings above with cream latex paint last summer (just the ground floor). The brick and terra cotta was in good condition and had not been painted since it was built in 1890.
I called them when they started to note that it not only looked bad to paint the first floor cream/white, but let them know that it is bad for the brick and terra cotta, and reduces the property value. People spend tens of thousands of dollars to undo such paint jobs and presevere the stone and terra cotta. Needless to say, the person I spoke with was clueless and said they'd look into it. Too late as the job was done in a couple of days. I was surprised that a company that has been rehabilitating buildings such as the Williamsburgh Savings Bank would be so misguided in this instance, regardless of the issues described in the link above regarding displacement.
Posted by: 1842 at March 31, 2009 11:49 AM
We encouraged MM to limit the column to a couple of paragraphs...Do you guys think it should be longer?
Posted by: brownstoner at March 31, 2009 11:51 AM
babs, on the weekend, one of my visitors also was delighted to discover the sandstone carvings depicting woodland scenes and the four seasons with various sculptures of animals, trees, birds and other things on the terrace leading down to Bethesda Fountain in Central Park. (Yes, I know we're talking Brooklyn and terra cotta, but your reference to the boathouse in Prospect Park reminded me of this).
Posted by: Biff Champion at March 31, 2009 11:52 AM
These are really lovely. I'm still trying to wrap my head around the fact that you're a woman with a moniker like "Morris." ;)
Posted by: tiptoe at March 31, 2009 11:52 AM
Montrose:
Your column definitely classes up the joint!
Nostalgic on Park Avenue
Posted by: NOP at March 31, 2009 11:54 AM
1842, no! How stupid. Aesthetics aside, water can get inbetween the paint and terra cotta, and chances are, it won't last another 100 years. Plus, removing it destroys the details, especially when people power wash or sandblast paint away from brick. What a shame. Those were iconic facades.
Posted by: Montrose Morris at March 31, 2009 11:55 AM
Yes, Mr. B. It should be longer. I for one don't want to miss out on any details she has to give.
Posted by: InsertSnappyNameHere at March 31, 2009 11:58 AM
"We encouraged MM to limit the column to a couple of paragraphs...Do you guys think it should be longer?"
Mr. B, I would suggest you make it like the Inside Third & Bond Thread whereby you have a couple of paragraphs on the Front Page and the rest of the write up when one clicks on the link. I, for one, would like to read MM's expanded write-up.
Posted by: Biff Champion at March 31, 2009 11:58 AM
MM, I'm hoping you are getting how happy you have made so many to see this new role you are taken with Brownstoner! What a journey, my sister-- from public ridicule and derision to wide public embrace and praise. You go! I'm totally loving your first column and I expect that it will only get better over time. (The suggestion to team up with Wasder sounds fantastic!) Thank you, Jon. And double thanks, MM, for adding some much relevant, lay-accessible architectural substance to our daily diet of brownstoner.com!
Posted by: Brooklynista at March 31, 2009 11:59 AM
Tiptoe, Montrose Morris was one of Brooklyn's finest late Victorian architects. Some of his best works are in Bed Stuy and Crown Heights. I've lived in both communities for a long time, and taking his name as my "nom de plume" was a way to honor his work, as well as those communities.
I didn't get outed as a woman until showing up at a Brownstoner gathering. Up until that time, I had kept my postings gender neutral, and I had the fun of surprising quite a few people. Monty will be the topic of a column at some point. He was an interesting man, and quite talented.
Posted by: Montrose Morris at March 31, 2009 12:02 PM
MM, this is terrific. When are you doing the walking tour?
Mr B, give MM all the space she wants.
Posted by: DeLepp at March 31, 2009 12:04 PM
"We encouraged MM to limit the column to a couple of paragraphs...Do you guys think it should be longer?"
Yes, longer please.
Posted by: bayridgegirl at March 31, 2009 12:06 PM
Mea culpa again on the outing (and to have it magnified in the NYT -- yeesh). Great post Montrose. My daughter was in a little after school architecture club several years back (1st-4th graders) and when we went out to take pictures of architecture she liked, it was mostly arches and terra cotta around Carroll and Montgomery near the Park in PS. Great stuff. Now, after all our renovations, she's just sick of house talk, but I'm hoping the foundation is still there, so to speak.
Posted by: slopefarm at March 31, 2009 12:09 PM
What a lovely feature! This is also an ingenious way to share the history of each neighborhood up close and personal, especially those hoods unfamiliar to some of us.
Posted by: LuvingModern at March 31, 2009 12:09 PM
well done MM!
Posted by: the chicken at March 31, 2009 12:11 PM
Totally cool stuff, give us more.
Posted by: Brenda from Flatbush at March 31, 2009 12:18 PM
Go fuck yourself, Francis Morrone! Montrose Morris is here.
Posted by: infinitejester at March 31, 2009 12:29 PM
^^^just joking - I saw FM in the grocery store buying coffee filters once, he's a swell guy
Posted by: infinitejester at March 31, 2009 12:32 PM
Thanks so much for the column. It is great and the pictures are beautiful. I would enjoy longer pieces as well - I feel I have more to learn than most people on here!
Over time, I would especially love to learn about the social history of the architecture you cover - who the houses were built for, who the developers were, how the architects were chosen etc.
Posted by: etson at March 31, 2009 12:36 PM
Will do, etson. Those topics will be explored, along with more general topics of style and things like this, ornament and features that are found in all neighborhoods. I have some interesting info on a wide range of architectural history subjects. Since it's getting warmer, my camera and I hope to get around more, too.
Posted by: Montrose Morris at March 31, 2009 12:47 PM
Does Terra cotta look better on a Foreclosed Brownstone?
The What (Just Wondering)
Someday this war is gonna end...
Posted by: Return of The What at March 31, 2009 12:51 PM
Oh, the Brooklyn Historical Society. What an amazing building.
Say -- how does this unglazed terra cotta stuff hold up? Even if it's fired, wouldn't it be even less durable than brownstone?
Posted by: mopar at March 31, 2009 12:55 PM
Mopar, terra cotta is, after all, really a form of brick, and bricks are still standing from Biblical times, having been baked only in the sun, not kilns. So unglazed terra cotta should last as long as the building it's on, barring some sort of obstacle that allows water to pool, and not run off or evaporate, as per usual.
Those terra cotta armies in China lasted centuries, too. It's amazing stuff.
Posted by: Montrose Morris at March 31, 2009 1:02 PM
Beautiful stuff. Thanks, Montrose! THIS is what I want to see on Brownstoner
Posted by: GHB at March 31, 2009 1:03 PM
Congratulations MM, I've always enjoyed your comments and this expanded role makes terrific sense!
Mr B -- kudos to you as well for being so open and responsive!
Posted by: Schultz at March 31, 2009 1:09 PM
You go girl!! Great post!
Posted by: rh at March 31, 2009 1:18 PM
MM, those terra cotta armies in xian were breathtaking. Is there a specific avenue in Crown heights I should concentrate on or should I just do the usual wander around?
Posted by: DeLepp at March 31, 2009 1:21 PM
MM,
WASDER obviously has first dibs, and, having seen his work, I know he's an excellent photographer, but, if you need a second photographer....
Posted by: Bob Marvin at March 31, 2009 1:35 PM
DeLepp, the usual wander around. Many of the limestone and white brick house facades shown are on Dean St. between Nostrand and Brooklyn, some on Brooklyn Ave between Pacific and Eastern Parkway. The lion's head with the foliate trim that is under a bay is on Park Place off Kingston, across the street from the much discussed mansion at 1094 Park Place. All of the really ornate Gothic looking facades on Flickr are on Park Place between Nostrand and New York.
Most of the brownstone brick terra cotta is in Bed Stuy, some in Stuy Hts, but also all over greater Bed Stuy. There are some great limestones there too, as well as brownstones and brick in Crown Heights.
Posted by: Montrose Morris at March 31, 2009 1:43 PM
Nice work, Montrose!
Posted by: East New York at March 31, 2009 1:46 PM
nothing is less durable than brownstone. it is perhaps the worst building material ever used in an industrialized city.
terra cotta lasts indefinetly if it is fired correctly. However in tall buildings and some houses, it is pinned back to the structure with iron anchors. They rust and cause havoc with the terra cotta. On most rowhouses the tc is used like a plain brick, it is just set in mortar with no metallic anchors. That is the manner it lasts the longest.
Posted by: sam at March 31, 2009 2:14 PM
B got MM a jobbie job. Congrats! The site is steering back in the right direction.
Posted by: lurks at March 31, 2009 2:28 PM
Thanks for the lovely feature. I really enjoyed the photos on Flikr.
One note: Many of the pictures are of carved limestone or brownstone. Within the same time period, you can find amazing carved stone and molded or carved terra cotta ornamentation. Sometimes it is tough to tell the difference. Usually with careful inspection it is possible to see the natural grain of the stone, which also may have some sparkle. Terra cotta is matte in appearance except if it is glazed and then it looks like ceramic tile.
Posted by: JoeBushwick at March 31, 2009 2:30 PM
Lovely work MM! Thanks! :)
Posted by: CG_ups at March 31, 2009 2:30 PM
terra cotta can sometimes be very difficult to tell apart from carved stone. I have seen terra cotta with a speckled glaze that makes it look just like granite. Having said this, I am pretty sure that the pictures above, with the exception of the cartouche surrounded by leafy decoration, are of carved limestone, not terra cotta.
Posted by: sam at March 31, 2009 3:02 PM
I've been a Brownstoner reader for a while but I've rarely been moved to comment before today. I've always enjoyed Montrose's level-headed and historically rich posts, so I'm ecstatic to hear about this new column. I'd like to echo the request for more social history and in-depth discussions on specific buildings, blocks, and their owners. This column's an excellent addition to an already-impressive site. I hope the Grey Lady takes not--a community blog should excel at publishing intelligent, vibrant commentary on the defining characteristics of our neighborhood.
Posted by: CitizenGreene at March 31, 2009 3:21 PM
Sam and Joe, I suspected as much, and therefore included "carved stone" in my text. The fact that such carved ornament was readily available, and probably pretty reasonable, still blows my mind. Most of the carvings are as fresh and as precisely detailed as the day they were installed. Can you imagine the cost of say, the foliate with the lion, for a bay, would be today?
Posted by: Montrose Morris at March 31, 2009 3:23 PM
Many people don't know that there are a lot of great examples of terra cotta facades and buildings in Jamaica, Queens. Check it out if you haven't already.
Posted by: EnglishKills at March 31, 2009 4:05 PM
Bob--you rock too. No reason why MM has to be exclusive. Plus she may want to shoot them herself anyway. But as a neighborhood chronicler you are top notch!
Posted by: wasder at March 31, 2009 4:29 PM
MM I shared this article with the young Architects at my firm. They loved it! Good job.
Posted by: phillygirl at March 31, 2009 5:11 PM
Thanks, Montrose. Great stuff and keep it up. IU agree you should be able to write at greater length. Brownstoner needs more of this for the many of us who get off more on the architecture, history and neighborhood vibe than the endless -- and increasingly empty -- discussions of the price of local RE.
Posted by: 1929 at March 31, 2009 10:17 PM
This is wonderful, looking forward to reading future articles. I vote for longer as well. The Brooklyn Historical Society building is incredible. Really amazing.
Posted by: BHS at April 1, 2009 9:40 AM
Well let me be the last to congratulate you! Sorry- I was away and didn't get to see this till tonight. about damn time I say!!
Posted by: bxgrl at April 1, 2009 11:51 PM






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